Essential Parts of Computer and How It Works

Contents II. Introduction2 III. Computers2 A. central processing unit2 B. w arho utilize stock3 1. Primary storage3 2. Secondary storage4 C. Peripherals8 1. Ink- putting greens (bubble-jets) notion machines8 2. Laserjet radicals motifwomans9 IV. Connecting To Internet10 V. Conclusion12 VI. Reference List13 * Introduction Nowadays, pass onning strain in 20th century essence that you got to be clever about engine room. When companies atomic number 18 striving for higher achievements and more-efficient turn overability, innovation is what everyone craving for. Thats the spot where technology shoots. Computer is one essential breed of our modern technology.However, while the mass of people know how to drug ab delectation computing machine, they dont know how the weapon works the technical stuff. It be comes a problem when the technical stuff got upset(a) and almost everybody does not get a clue. To improve our business mode that we consume to improve our consciousness to computing machine itself. So, with this guide, I hope we alsoshie understand the governing body of our calculator, not just by its advantages, further by its privateity too. Enjoy a new relationship with your calculating machine. Computers For this return, these be whatever of essential parts from electronic computer that sup behavior its usance A.Central bear on Unit ( mainframe) B. Storage devices C. Peripherals CPU Central Processing Unit (CPU), or called as processor, is the central part of computer, which accepts and processes entropy into information and maintaining its dodging (Gilster, 2000). In comparison, a brain to human is the same for CPU to computer. It stabilizes and ensuring computer to run normal. Moursund (1978) says that CPU consists of two units learn unit and arithmetic/logical system unit. The control unit gives instructions to the system for executing programs. The control unit doesnt do the tasks, but just giving orders to other units to do its jobs.The arithmetic/logic unit extend arithmetic and mathematical equations in the system, desire addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. To work in a constant and stabile period of time, CPU uses a small quartz crystal called the clock system (Shelly, Cashman, Vermaat, 2008). The system clock produces electronic pulses, or ticks, that set the operating period to the components of the system unit. The clock system speed is measured by the number of ticks per guerilla or Hertz unit. Hertz (Hz) is the measurement of speed in information processing. The quicker the clock speed, the more instructions the processor layabout execute per second.For usage in our computer schools, there atomic number 18 two cross off options, AMD & Intel. AMDs Athlon X2 Dual Core, and Intels Pentium D 925, both of them have 3 GHz clock speeds which are compatible for our students inescapably in computer. I recommend Intels for our school since it has lower expense than AMD. AMD has lower heat though in its operation, but this problem elicit be maintained by putting a fine operative fan to cool the processor. Memory storage Extra in that location are terms of measure we need to know that use in byte (B) and bicycle (Hz). They are 1 kilo (KB/ KHz) = 1000 (B/Hz) 1 Mega (MB/MHz) = 1000 Kilo = 1,000,000 (B/Hz) Giga (GB/GHz) = 1,000,000 = 1,000,000,000 (B/Hz) 1 Tera (TB/THz) = 1000 Giga = 1,000,000 Mega = 1,000,000,000 Kilo = 1000,000,000,000 (B/Hz) (Shelly et al. , 2008) Memory storage is the sit where computer store all data and information in the machine. To measure repositing storage, we use Byte unit. Byte is the measurement of space, determines the quantity of data that repositing shadow save. at that place are two kinds of memory storage primary storage & unessential storage. Primary storage mob Random Access Memory (RAM), is use to open up programs, images, or all details when the computer is on.Its function is to accelerate the speed of p rocessing programs. When the computer is off, the memory loses its data too and go out be restarting when the computer is on again. Thats why RAM also called as temporary memory (Stokes, 2008). ROM Read-Only Memory (ROM) is employ to store essential programs for computer, such as system operation (Smith, 2011). info in ROMs cannot be changed again or written, unless(prenominal) for few types of ROM akin EPROM (erasable programme read- single memory) or using m some(prenominal) technique ilk exposing ROM to sunlight. lay aside Cache located between CPU and RAM.It is a high-speed memory that accelerates CPU to exchange information from RAM (Shelly, et al, 2008). Cache works in a frequently accessible files and programs in the computer so it can be processed in shorter time. For example, a repositorys computer which use for typing a lot will have its word-processing program opened faster than the other staffs computer. Secondary storage * Stokes (2008) states that secondary s torage is used for saving files and information in the matter of capacity. When programs are installed into the computer or files are inserted, secondary memory is the place where all the stuffs are put into.It gives information about how much computer can store data in its system. Files, programs, and other stuffs that put in secondary storage are saved permanently in the system. So, when the computer is off, the stuffs will stay at the same state and condition without having any lost parts. Picture 2. 1 Secondary storage works wish cloth drawers for computers. As long as there is a space, it is fine to put more things. escort source http//corriehaffly. wordpress. com in that location are non-homogeneous forms of secondary storage. almost attached in CPU and some is separated from computer.These are the kinds of it. Hard Disk Picture 2. 2 strong-arm appearance of a solid disk. kitchen range source http//www. pcguide. com A demanding disk is a metal platter coated with magne tic oxide that can be magnetized to represent data (Shelly, et al, 2008). The large disk has pinch side and bottom side which used for recording and storing data in computer. To be used, hard disk must be attached in computer. Optical Disc Picture 2. 3 Physical appearance of ocular book. Image source http//www. digitalmatrix. us An opthalmic disc is a flat, round, takeout, disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer.These discs usually have 4. 75 inches in diameter and less than one-twentieth of an inch thick (Shelly, et al, 2008). Optical disc ordinarily used for storing music, pictures, or programs depend on its capacity. There are many types of optical discs. Some types can be used for reading and recording files in it, some can only be used for read. compact disc read-only memory A compact disc read-only memory (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), is a type of optical disc that can only be used for read the files in it (Shelly, et al. , 2008). The discs electrical capacity cannot be bring done-able or abolish-able anymore.A typical compact disc write-onceOM has capacity from 650 MB to 1 GB of data, instructions, and information. To read a CD-ROM, you can use CD-ROM drive or CD-ROM player. Commonly, CD-ROM is used in authorize application, programs, music albums, or encyclopaedias so it cannot be pirated. CD-R and CD-RW A CD-R (Compact Disc Recordable) is a multisession optical disc which users can write, but cannot erase the items in it, like text, graphic, or audio. Multisession means you can write on part of the disc one time and another part at a later time (Shelly, et al. , 2008). Write in this term means to record files.A CD-R can only be written once and the content cannot be erased. To write and read a CD-R, you need a CD-R drive. DVD-ROM and DVD-R A DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc Read-Only Memory or Digital Video Disc Read-Only Memory) is a high capacity optical disc on which users can read but not write or erase (Shelly, et al. , 2008). To rea d a DVD-ROM, you need DVD-ROM software product. DVD-R has the same peculiarity as CD-R, only with bigger capacity. DVDs usually has 4 GB capacity. pullulate Memory Picture 2. 4 Physical appearance of flash memory. Image source http//techcrunch. comFlash memory is a small, portable stick which embed electrical chips that used to store files in computer (Shelly, et al. , 2008). Its size is none bigger than adult human toss. It connects to a computer via an USB port. Its files can be read and written in multiple times. Flash memory has various capacities, from 256 MB until 32 GB are available in stores. Peripherals Peripherals are electronic devices that support computer functions to more useful and understandable (Gilster, 2000). Peripherals commonly consist of computer screen, speaker, printer, keyboard, and mouse.Each device is connected through port production lines that inserted into CPU ports. In this handout, I would like to discuss the function of printer itself. Since it is a primary office need, so it is nice to know and be aware for this machine. imprinter is an electronic device that used for printing images and texts in computer file, usually using reputations as its medium (Gilster, 2000). There are many types of printers which available in the market and usually used for business and office work. Ink-jets (bubble-jets) printers Picture 3. 1 Bubble jet printer. Image source http//www. inkjet-laser. comInk-jet printer sprays ionized tiny inks on the paper. The printing pattern is organized by using magnetized plates in printer (Shelly et al. , 2008). It can produce high quality images that frequently used for photography. There are models that designed to black and white (B/W) colour printings too. Laserjet printers Picture 3. 2 Laser printer. Image source http//www. hypercup. org Laser printers works by using lasers that melts powdered inks in cartridges, consequently the ink putted on a paper by desired pattern (Shelly et al. , 2008). Photo copy services usually use this type due to its fast process.Here are the comparisons of bubble jet printer and laser printers as shown below. Ink-jet Printer Laserjet Printer 1. Print by spraying inks into paper, which makes the ink is more liquid on paper. If the paper is touched or get heated, the ink can melt and colly the paper 1. Print by heated powdered inks with laser. The ink is fast to dry. 2. Printing process are quiet and does not cause any mechanical noise 2. Printing process causes mechanical noise. 3. Many models come in portable sizes, which are suitable for home and personal use that do not demand frequent printing. 3. There are portable sizes and large sizes. Portable size are suitable for home and personal use, while large sizes are suitable for office or business use that demands frequent printing. 4. The quality of printing can be change for faster printing process 4. The quality of printing cannot be modify Ink-jet Printer vs. Laser Jet Printer (Frost, 201 0) Connecting To Internet To develop much information, profits is always helpful for providing sources anywhere and anytime. Connecting our computer to internet means that open the access of our computer through signals.To make it do so, computers are needed to be included in a network. meshwork is a group of computers and devices that connected together through communication devices and contagion media (Sosinsky, 2009). It is used in houses, cafes, libraries, or offices for many purposes, even for personal or business purposes. The ability of network allows people to communicate through individually other (in verbal or in visual), sharing files, transfer money, etc. As Sosinsky (2009) states, networks patterns are divided into two categories lymph gland/server and peer-to-peer. 1. Client/serverOne computer works as a server, then the other computers or devices in network work as client. A server controls access to the ironware, software, and other resources in network. It m akes a server the centre storage of programs, data, and information. The clients are other computers and devices that rely on a server for its resources. 2. Peer-to-peer Peer-to-peer system is like two friends sharing stories to apiece other. One has useful information that the other one did not know, and vice-versa. In this network, each computer, called a peer, has different responsibility and capability, sharing hardware (e. printer), data, or information with other computers. Each computer has its files in own storage, but also have the same operating system and application software that allows them to connected to each other. For creating networks, computers need some equipment to make them connected through each other. Here are some services which make our computer available to internet. 1. Dial-Up Modems Dial-up modems are working by using surround devices. When a computer connects to internet, computer transmits digital signals which converted into analog signal then it is transmitted over standard telephone lines (Shelly, et al. 2008). The internet speed is up to 56 kilobyte/second. Many people do not unfeignedly interested in using dial-up modems now because it requires one telephone lines for working and other services have faster speed. 2. broadband Services Broadband internet is a high-speed internet that connected through a wire (Shelly, et al. , 2008). Broadband internet services are extendd through deviate methods. Some known methods are a) DSL (digital subscriber line), using telephone lines but does not interfere telephone connection b) A cable modem that uses cable television network ) A Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) network uses radio signals to provide internet connection to computers and devices. Conclusion CPU plays the part of accepting data and processed it into relevant and understandable information based on logic and arithmetic way of work. Data and information that has been processed comes in the class of programs and files. Th e computers program and files are kept in memory storage. Some memory storage attached in computer, like hard disks, RAMs, ROMs, Registers, and Caches. Some are separated from computer for its portability, like optical discs and thumb drives.Printers are machines that used for printing and photocopying documents and images in computer. This can be used for printing in colour and black/white printings. Connecting computer to internet means to put it into a network. In a network, computer users can obtain information from many other sources and communicate with other computer users. Internet can be accessible through these two services, dial-up modem and broadband internet services. Through this guide, I delighted if you feel informed and snuff it more common to computers. Knowing new things means to get to you into new insights.I hope the knowledge you read here can be useful for now and the future. Reference List Cashman, T. J. , Shelly, G. B. & Vermaat, M. E. (2008). Discovering c omputers 2008 complete. Boston, Massachusetts Thomson Course Technology. Cashman, T. J. , Shelly, G. B. & Vermaat, M. E. (2008). Discovering computers bedrock (4th eds. ). Boston, Massachusetts Thomson Course Technology. Frost, M. (2010). Laser vs. inkjet printers. Retrieved September 28, 2011, from http//www. ehow. com/about_5390377_laser-vs-inkjet-printers. html Gilster, R. (2001). PC hardware a beginners guide. Berkeley Osborne/McGraw-Hill Moore, C.Laserjet vs. Inkjet. (n. d). Retrieved September 20, 2011, fromhttp//www. ehow. com/about_5327065_laserjet-vs-inkjet. html Moursund, D. G. (1978). Basic programing for computer literacy. naked as a jaybird York McGraw-Hill Smith, M. (2011). What is read only memory. Retrieved September 28, 2011, fromhttp//www. ehow. com/info_8751600_readonly-memory. html Sosinsky, B. (2009). Networking bible. New York John Wiley and Sons. Stokes, A. P. (2008). Is this thing going on. New York Workman. How computer work the CPU and memory. (n. d). Re trieved September 19, 2011, from http//homepage. cs. uri. edu/faculty/wolfe/book/Readings/Reading04. htm